pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is a positive tree species, with sparse crown and needles mostly concentrated on the surface of the crown. When there is no lateral light in the forest, the trunk naturally prunes quickly, and when isolated trees or lateral light is sufficient, the lateral branches and needles flourish, and young trees do not grow well under the crown. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica has strong adaptability. It can grow well on aeolian sandy soil with poor nutrients and mountain gravel sandy soil with thin soil layer. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica has strong resistance to adversity. The longevity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is generally 150-200 years, and some are as long as 250 years. Evergreen trees, up to 30 meters high and 80 cm in diameter at breast height; The bark at the lower part of the trunk is thick, grayish brown or dark brown, with irregular block cracking, and the bark of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica at the upper part is yellow to yellowish brown, with scaly shedding, golden endothelium, oval winter buds, brown or yellowish brown, and resin; L annual branches are light yellow and hairless. Needles are 2 needles in a bundle, hard, slightly flat, often twisted, 4-9 cm long and 1.5-2 mm wide, with fine serrations on the edge and stomatal lines on both sides, such as 6-11 lipid passages, which are marginal; Leaf sheaths persist. Female cones and young fruits are purplish red or purplish brown, pedunculate and drooping. The cone is ovoid or oblong, with a length of 3-6 cm and a diameter of 2-3 cm, and it is light green-brown to light brown-gray when mature; Scaled shield is rhombic, often obviously uplifted, with obvious vertical and horizontal ridges, somewhat backward curved, scaly umbilicus protruding and short spines; The seeds are ovoid or obovoid, slightly flat, dark brown, 4.5-5.5 mm long, with articulated wings and 1.1-1.5 cm long. The climate in the distribution area of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is cool in summer and cold in winter. The annual average temperature is 0-6℃, the extreme minimum temperature is-40-50℃, and the annual precipitation is 300-500mm. The soil is leached black soil with precipitation of 300-500mm. The soil is eluviated black soil, thin coarse bone soil and aeolian sand. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is a positive tree species with well-developed root system, which has the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance and wind resistance. Mostly in the steep sunny slope or the upper part of semi-sunny slope; It can adapt to barren soil and grow on sand hills, often in a mass distribution. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is mostly pure forest, occasionally mixed with a small amount of Larixgmelini(Rupr．) Rupr．.) rupr. In the forest with low altitude and thick soil layer, a small amount of Quercusmongolica Fisch．., Betuladahurica Pall．. and Betula platyphylla Suk．. are also mixed with each other, and the natural regeneration is better in the hilly lowlands and north slopes. The flowering period is from May to June, and the cones mature from September to October in the second year.
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