bear's gall

Bear gall, gall bladder of black bear and brown bear in Xiong Ke. The history of taking medicine is recorded in "Bear Fat" in Tang Materia Medica. Ming's Compendium of Materia Medica is also discussed in detail. Black bear, also known as black bear, is commonly known as black blind. The whole body is covered with black hair, with a body length of 1.5-1.7 meters and a half-moon white stripe on the chest. Have the habit of hibernation, can walk upright and straight, and live in forests. Brown bear is also known as Yi, Man Bear and Ma Xiong. It is bigger than a black bear, with a dark brown back, a slightly lighter head and abdomen, and its habits are similar to those of a black bear. Changbai Mountain in the east of Jilin Province is rich in black bears and brown bears, so it is one of the main producing areas of bear bile in China. The medicinal material industry calls Jilin bear gall "Dongdan". The dried bear bile is oblate, narrow in upper part and swollen in lower part, generally 10-20cm long and 5-8cm in diameter, black or brownish green in color, shiny, thin in capsule skin, wrinkled, hard in quality, and fibrous in section after being broken. There is dry bile sweat in the capsule, which is in the form of block, granule or thick paste. Usually, it is best to be golden, bright and bitter and sweet. Bear bile tastes bitter, cold and non-toxic. Has the effects of clearing away heat, detoxicating, improving eyesight and relieving spasm. It can be used for the treatment of yellow heat, summer diarrhea, and infantile convulsion due to excessive heat. For external use, it can be used to treat hemorrhoids and red eyes. Bear bile mainly contains cholic acid alkali metal, in addition, it contains cholesterol and bile pigment. Chondronic acid is mainly ursodeoxycholic acid, which is hydrolyzed to produce taurine and deoxyursolic acid. In addition, it also contains main isomers chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid. Bear bile has the effects of invigorating stomach, calming, relieving pain and promoting bile secretion. Deoxyursolic acid can promote the decomposition and excretion of fatigue substances and increase the absorption of vitamins B1 and B2. In 1985, the scientific and technological personnel in Hunjiang City, Jilin Province have successfully tested the scientific method of taking bile from live bears. Raising a bear can get more than 1-2.5 kilograms of dried bile a year, which is equivalent to the bear bile obtained by killing more than 100 bears. It is of great significance for protecting wild animals and developing the production of precious medicinal materials in Jilin Province to popularize artificial bears and live bears to take bile. Bear bile in Jilin Province is exported to Hong Kong and Southeast Asian countries, and it is a hot commodity in the international and domestic medicinal materials markets.
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